[George Atzemian]

Games have a number of common characteristics that can be used to create effective learning environments. These include:

Complex environments where players are expected to make decisions and problem-solve in increasingly difficult circumstances.

Experimentation and risk taking in encouraging players to try out alternative courses of action and experience a range of different outcomes.

Narrative and thematic threads which encourage players to take on the identity of a range of characters, to build a story around these characters and interact socially with others participants.

Gamification recognises these characteristics as opportunities to improve intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, engagement and to change behaviour. A cope component of games is that they are fun and provide educational entertainment for participants.

[Pengarang]

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